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Magistrate
A magistrate is an officer of the state. In modern usage, the term usually refers to lawyers who hear cases in tribunals. Formerly, in ancient Rome, a ''magistratus'' was one of the highest ranking government officers and possessed both judicial and executive powers. Today, in common law systems, a magistrate has limited law enforcement and administration authority. In civil law systems, a magistrate may be a judge in a superior court, where the magistrates' court might have jurisdiction over civil and criminal cases. A related but not always equivalent term is ''chief magistrate'' which historically can denote a political and administrative officer.
==Etymology==
''Magistrate'' derives from the Middle English word ''magistrat'', denoting a "civil officer in charge of administrating laws" (c.1374); from the Old French ''magistrat''; from the Latin ''magistratus'', which derives from ''magister'' (master), from the root of ''magnus'' (great).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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